ADSP - AppleTalk data stream protocol manages the flow of data between two established socket connections.
AEP - AppleTalk echo protocol uses echoes to tell if a computer, or node, is available.
AFP - AppleTalk Filing protocol - Makes network files appear local by managing file sharing at the presentation layer.
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port. This bus is developed for fast video cards. It is currently up to 4X mode speed.
AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service is analog cellular phone service.
API - Application Programming Interface.
APPC - Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communications provides peer to peer services at the transport and session layer.
APPN - Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking supports the computer connections at the network and transport layers.
Architecture - The method that is used to transmit packets on a network. Sometimes the term architecture includes topology. An example is ethernet.
ARCnet - Attached Resource Computer Network is an architecture using star and bus topology.
ARP - Address resolution Protocol is used to resolve the hardware address of a card to package the ethernet data. It works at the data link layer. RFC 826.
ARUP - AppleTalk update routing is a newer version of RTMP
ASP - AppleTalk session protocol controls the starting and ending of sessions between computers called nodes. It works at the session level.
ASP - Active Server Pages is Microsoft's web server technology which can run Visual Basic or JAVA script.
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode may be used over a variety of media with both baseband and broadband systems. It uses fixed length data packets of 53 bytes called cell switching.
ATP - AppleTalk Transaction Protocol provides a Transport Layer connection between computers.
AU - Access Unit provides access to resources like fax, telex, and teletex.
Backbone - Main cable used to connect computers on a network.
Bandwidth - Indicates the amount of data that can be sent in a time period. Measured in Mbps which is one million bits per second.
Baseband - Data bits are defined by discrete signal changes.
BDC - Backup Domain Controller is a backup for a PDC
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BOOTP - Boot Protocol. RFC 951, 1542.
Bridge - Read the outermost section of data on the data packet, to tell where the message is going. It reduces the traffic on other network segments, since it does not send all packets but only sends packets intended for that segment they are attached to.
Broadband - Uses analog signals to divide the cable into several channels with each channel at its own frequency. Each channel can only transmit one direction.
Broadcast - A transmission to all interface cards on the network.
Brouter - Will function similar to a bridge for network transport protocols that are not routable, and will function as a router for routable protocols.
CCITT - International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee.
CDMA - Code division multiple access allows transmission of voice and data over a shared part of radio frequencies. This is also called spread spectrum.
CDPD - Cellular Digital Packet Data will allow network connections for mobile users using satellites.
cellular - An 800 Mhz band for mobile phone service.
CHAP - Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol is a three way handshake protocol which is considered more secure than PAP.
CIDR - Classless Inter Domain Routing.
Client - This computer requests resources for its use from a computer that provides the resource (a server).
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy check is a set of trailing data bytes in a message used to determine if an error occurred in a message.
CSMA/CD - Carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection for controlling access to the network media.
DAT - Digital Audio Tape
DBMS - Database Management Systems are used to share data on a network.
DDE - Dynamic data exchange.
DDP - Datagram Delivery Protocol is a routable protocol that provides for data packet transportation. It operates at the network layer at the same level of the IP protocol.
DDS - Digital data service is a leased dedicated digital line.
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to assign IP addresses dynamically to network cards works at the application layer. RFC 1541.
DLC - Data Link Control operates at the data link layer and is designed for communications between Hewlett-Packard network printers and IBM mainframe computers on a DECnet network.
DNA - Digital Network Architecture is a term from DECNet
DNS - Domain Name System is used on the internet to correlate between IP address and readable names. RFC 1034, 1035, 1535-1537, 1591.
DRDA - Distributed Relational Database Architecture is from IBM.
DSU - Digital service unit used to connect to digital leased lines on the LAN side.
DUN - Dial up networking.
EISA - Extended ISA used when the 80286 through 80486 series microprocessors were being produced. It is backward compatible with ISA.
EMI - Electromagnetic Interference.
Ethernet - A network architecture that uses carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) for controlling access to the network media and baseband broadcasts. It uses star topology.
FDDI - Fiber Distributed Data Interface is a network architecture normally used to send longer distances. Topology is ring with two counter rotating rings for reliability with no hubs. Cable type is fiber-optic.
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access divides the cellular network into 30Khz channels.
Frame - The unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, consisting of a link-layer header (ethernet) followed by a packet (IP header and data). It may be a part of a fragmented datagram.
Frame Relay - Error checking is handled by devices at both sides of the connection. Frame relay uses frames of varying length and it operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. A permanent virtual circuit (PVC) is established between two points on the network. Frame relay speed is between 56Kbps and 1.544Mbps.
Frequency hopping - The transmitter and receiver change predetermined frequencies at the same time (in a synchronized manner).
FTP - File Transport Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol running at the application layer.
Gateway - A gateway can translate information between different network data formats or network architectures. It can translate TCP/IP to AppleTalk so computers supporting TCP/IP can communicate with Apple brand computers. Not the same as a default gateway used by a client to send packets to.
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications.
HDML - Handheld Device Markup Language is a version of HTML only allowing text to be displayed.
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is the format many files for web viewing are in. It is a language with "mark-up" text included for formatting.
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the protocol used to communicate between web servers and web browser software clients.
Hub - A type of repeater used on several network architectures which usually connects several stations.
IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol is used to perform network error reporting and status. It works at the transport layer. RFC 792.
IDC - Internet Database collector.
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force. Sets Internet technical standards
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IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol, used for managing multicast groups.
IMAP - Internet Mail Access Protocol is the replacement for POP3
Infared - Infared is just below the visible range of light between 100Ghz and 1000Thz.
Internetwork - Several subnets connected together using routers.
InterNIC - Internet Network Information Center, the authority for allocating internet addresses.
Intranet - Refers to using internet technologies such as a web server on an internal network.
IP - Internet Protocol os used for software addressing of computers and works at the data link layer. RFC 791.
IPIP tunneling - Tunneling IP packets in IP packets. Used for VPN tunneling.
IPSec - Internet protocol security, developed by IETF, implemented at layer 3. it is a collection of security measures that address data privacy, integrity, authentication, and key management, in addition to tunneling. Used for VPN.
IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange supports the transport and network layers of the OSI network model. Provides for network addressing and routing. It provides fast, unreliable, communication with network nodes using a connection less datagram service.
IRQ- Interrupt Request
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network is a method of sending voice and data information on a digital phone line. Two 64Kbps B-channels with one 16Kbps D channel is provided with basic ISDN service
ISP - Internet Service Provider
ITU - International Telecommunication Union.
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LAN - Local Area Network
LDA - Local delivery agent on the receiving machine receives the mail from its MTA
LCP - Link Control Protocol
Link - Connects two network devices. Implemented by the data link layer.
LLC - Logical link control is the interface between the lower and upper layer networking protocols.
LU - Logical Units are ports that users use to access network resources is an SNA term.
MAC - Media Access Control address. Basically a network card unique hardware address.
Mail notifier - This program notifies the recipient that they have mail. Normally this requires two programs, biff and comsat. Biff allows the administrator or user to turn on comsat service.
MAN- Metropolitan area network refers to a network which connects several LANS over various media that is large enough to cover an area the size of a city.
MDBS - Mobile Data Base Station reviews all cellular channels at cellular sites.
Message - The unit of transmission in a transport layer protocol. A TCP segment is a message which consists of a transport protocol header followed by application data.
MHS - Message Handling Service by Novell is used for mail on Netware networks.
MIB - Management Information BASE specifies variables the network elements maintain. Works with the TCP/IP protocol SNMP.
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension is the protocol that defines the way files are attached to SMTP messages.
MOTIS - Message-oriented text interchange system.
MS - Message Store is a storage area for messages that can't be delivered immediately when the recipient is off-line.
MTA - Message transfer agent is used to pass mail from the sending machine to the receiving machine. There is a MTA program running on both the sending and receiving machine. Sendmail is a MTA.
MTP - Multicast Transport Protocol is a new transport layer protocol designed for reliable multicast network message transport.
MTU - Maximum Transmission Unit is the maximum size of each data packet for the ethernet protocol.
Multicasting - Transmitting to a group of interface cards on the network.
Multihomed - A host with multiple IP addresses.
NAT - Network Address Translation.
NBF - NetBIOS Frame Protocol.
NBNS - NetBIOS Name Server. A server that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses. This service is provided by the nmbd daemon on Linux.
NBP - Name-binding protocol of the AppleTalk suite of protocols translates addresses into names.
NetBIOS - Network Basic Input Output System by Microsoft.
NFS - Network File System. A protocol that allows UNIX and Linux systems remotely mount each other's file systems. RFC 1094
NIC - Network interface card. Also called LAN adapters.
NNTP - Network News Transport Protocol is used to link newsgroups for discussions on the web
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OSI - Open Systems Interconnect is a suite of protocols developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) which corresponds with the layers of the OSI model.
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First, a dynamic routing protocol. RFC 1247.
Packet - Includes an IP header and data. It may be a complete IP datagram or a fragment of an IP datagram.
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect internal computer bus. The popular expansion bus of choice. It is significantly faster than EISA. This is a 32bit bus with plug and play capability from Intel.
PDC - Primary Domain Controller is an NT server providing central control of user access permissions and accounts on a network.
PAP - Password Authentification Protocol is a two way handshake protocol designed for use with PPP.
PAP - Printer access protocol of the AppleTalk suite of protocols manages information between workstations and printers.
PCS - Personal communications Service is a 1.9 Ghz band for mobile phones.
Peer - A computer that can act as both a client and a server.
POP - Point of presence is each point at the end of the transport media (internet) when talking about VPN.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3 is used by clients to access an internet mail server to get mail. It is not a transport layer protocol.
Protocol - A set of standards sets of standards that define all operations within a network. There are various protocols that operate at various levels of the OSI network model such as transport protocols include TCP, SPX.
PPP - Point to Point Protocol, used for serial connections to a network ot the internet. (RFC 1332, 1548)
RADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is used for dial in clients to connect to other computers or a network. It provides authentication and accounting when using PPTP or L2TP tunneling.
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive disks is a fault tolerant method of storing data, meaning that a failure can occur and the system will still function.
RARP -Reverse Address Resolution Protocol used for diskless computers to determine their IP address using the network. It works at the data link layer.
RAS - Remote Access Service (RAS) with Windows NT allows users connecting to the network using a modem to use network resources. The NT RAS server can handle 256 connections.
Redirector - it runs on a windows operating system and directs requests for network resources to the appropriate server and makes network resources seem to be local resources.
Repeater - Used on a network to regenerate signals to be sent over long distances or tie computers together on a network.
Resolver - Used as part of DNS, it is the client side asking for DNS information.
RIP - Routing Information Protocol, a dynamic routing protocol. A distance-vector algorithm is used to calculate the best route for a packet. RFC 1058, 1388 (RIP2).
Rlogin - Remote login between UNIX hosts. This is outdated and is replaced by Telnet.
Router - Routes data packets between two networks. It reads the information in each packet to tell where it is going.
RPC - Remote Procedure Call. A protocol invented by Sun Microsystem to allow remote computers to invoke functions on other hosts. RFC 1057.
SAP - Service Advertising Protocol packets are used by file and print servers to periodically advertise the address of the server and the services available. It works at the application, presentation, and session levels.
SAS - Single Attachment stations attached to one ring and used by FDDI networks to attach workstations to concentrators.
SDLC – System Development Life Cycle
Server - For the most part it provides resources on the network for other computers to use.
SMB - Server Message Block protocol works at the presentation level to provide peer to peer communication.
SMS - SMS - Systems Management Server from Microsoft can collect information of software on each computer and can install and configure new software on the client computers. It will also monitor network traffic.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a TCP protocol for mail transport running at the application layer. RFC 821, 822.
SNA - System Network Architecture by IBM is a suite of protocols mainly used with IBM mainframe and AS/400 computers.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol. RFC 1155, 1157, 1213, 1441.
SONET - Synchronous Optical Network is a physical layer standard that defines voice, data, and video delivery methods over fiber optic media. It defines data rates in terms of optical carrier (OC) levels.
SQL - Structured Query Language is a database access language. It is used by most client/server database applications.
SSCP - Systems Services Control Point manages all resources in the host's domain. An SNA term.
Subnet - A part of a network. A class B network may have several class C subnets. Usually routers are used to connect subnets.
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TCP - Transport Control protocol is a connection oriented reliable protocol working at the transport layer. RFC 793.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. RFC 1350.
Telnet - Remote session at the application layer. RFC 854.
Thicknet - Half inch rigid cable. Maximum cable length is 500 meters. Transmission speed is 10Mbps. Expensive and is not commonly used. (RG-11 or RG-8).
Thinnet - Thinnet uses a British Naval Connector (BNC) on each end. Thinnet is part of the RG-58 family of cable*. Maximum cable length is 185 meters. Transmission speed is 10Mbps.
UA - Users agent. This is the program a user will use to type e-mail. It usually incorporates an editor for support. The user types the mail and it is passed to the sending MTA. This may also be called the mail user agent (MUA).
UDP - User Datagram Protocol is a connection less unreliable protocol working at the transport layer. RFC 768.
UNC - Universal Naming Convention is used to allow the use of shared resources without mapping a drive to them.
Unicast - A transmission to a single interface card.
URL - Universal Resource Relocator is a term used to describe the name of a web based resource such as a web page or location of a file for down loading.
VPN - Virtual Private Networking. The function of VPN is to allow two computers or networks to talk to each other over a transport media that is not secure, but the network is made secure by VPN security protocols.
W3C - World Wide Web Consortium, sets standards for the web working with the IETF.
WAN - Wide Area Network is larger than a MAN and may be an enterprise network or a global network.
WINS - Windows Internet Name Service is the Microsoft implementation of NetBIOS name service.
WML - Wireless markup language is another name for HDML.
X.25 - This is a set of protocols developed by the CCITT/ITU which specifies how to connect computer devices over a internetwork.
X.400 - International Telecommunication Union standard defines transfer protocols for sending mail between mail servers.
X.500 - This is a recommendation outlining how an organization can share objects and names on a large network. It is hierarchical similar to DNS, defining domains consisting of organizations, divisions, departments, and workgroups.
XML - Extensible Markup Language is a subset of SGML and is used widely on the web.
ZIP - Zone information protocol used with RTMP to map zones. Routers use zone information tables (ZITs) to define network addresses and zone names.
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